perf: responsive AVIF/WebP images; a11y contrast and link-text fixes

- scripts/optimize-images.mjs generates hashed AVIF/WebP variants at build time (sharp)
- Picture.astro + rehype plugin serve them via <picture> with srcset/sizes; hero gets fetchpriority=high
- footer CTA and active service-nav item meet WCAG AA contrast
- homepage Learn More link gets screen-reader-only context
- llms.txt: insights described as coming soon

.gitignore

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 node_modules/
 dist/
 .astro/
+# Generated by scripts/optimize-images.mjs at build time
+public/assets/opt/
+src/data/image-manifest.json
 
 # Secrets — only .env.example is committed
 .env

astro.config.mjs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Static Astro site for BlueCap Strategies. CI: .gitea/workflows/ci.yml (Gitea Actions).
 import { defineConfig } from "astro/config";
 import sitemap from "@astrojs/sitemap";
+import { rehypeResponsiveImages } from "./src/utils/images.mjs";
 
 const site = process.env.PUBLIC_SITE_URL ?? "https://www.bluecapstrategies.com";
 
@@ -8,6 +9,10 @@ export default defineConfig({
   site,
   output: "static",
   trailingSlash: "always",
+  markdown: {
+    // Article column is ~880px wide on desktop, full width below the 960px breakpoint.
+    rehypePlugins: [[rehypeResponsiveImages, { sizes: "(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 880px" }]],
+  },
   integrations: [
     sitemap({
       filter: (page) => !page.includes("/thank-you/"),

docs/launch-checklist.md

@@ -140,7 +140,12 @@ not worth a force-push).
       sitemap but emits no `noindex` meta tag.
 - [ ] `article:published_time` / `article:modified_time` OG tags on insights posts.
 - [ ] `lastmod` in the sitemap from content dates.
-- [ ] Lighthouse ≥ 95 on SEO / Perf / Best-Practices / Accessibility.
+- [x] Lighthouse ≥ 95 (2026-10-23). Before, live mobile: Perf 82–86, A11y 95, SEO 92–100, LCP 4.3–4.9 s.
+      After (local build, mobile): Perf 96–99, A11y 100, SEO 100, LCP 1.8–2.4 s. Responsive AVIF/WebP via
+      `scripts/optimize-images.mjs` (runs in `npm run build`) + `components/Picture.astro` + a rehype plugin
+      for Markdown images; contrast fixes on the footer CTA and the active service-nav item; homepage
+      "Learn More" gets screen-reader context. New photos need no extra step: anything in
+      `public/assets/live-site/` gets variants; render it with `<Picture>` (or Markdown) to use them.
 - [ ] Umami/GA custom event for contact-form submits (today the `/thank-you/` pageview is the
       conversion signal).
 - [ ] Optional: move `bluecapstrategies.com` into Pangolin's `config.yml` `domains:` so it shows

package-lock.json

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
         "@astrojs/check": "^0.9.4",
         "@playwright/test": "^1.60.0",
         "prettier": "^3.5.3",
+        "sharp": "0.34.5",
         "typescript": "^5.8.3"
       }
     },
@@ -773,8 +774,8 @@
       "version": "1.1.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/colour/-/colour-1.1.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-Td76q7j57o/tLVdgS746cYARfSyxk8iEfRxewL9h4OMzYhbW4TAcppl0mT4eyqXddh6L/jwoM75mo7ixa/pCeQ==",
+      "devOptional": true,
       "license": "MIT",
-      "optional": true,
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=18"
       }
@@ -2626,8 +2627,8 @@
       "version": "2.1.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/detect-libc/-/detect-libc-2.1.2.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-Btj2BOOO83o3WyH59e8MgXsxEQVcarkUOpEYrubB0urwnN10yQ364rsiByU11nZlqWYZm05i/of7io4mzihBtQ==",
+      "devOptional": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
-      "optional": true,
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=8"
       }
@@ -4952,9 +4953,9 @@
       "version": "0.34.5",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sharp/-/sharp-0.34.5.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-Ou9I5Ft9WNcCbXrU9cMgPBcCK8LiwLqcbywW3t4oDV37n1pzpuNLsYiAV8eODnjbtQlSDwZ2cUEeQz4E54Hltg==",
+      "devOptional": true,
       "hasInstallScript": true,
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
-      "optional": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@img/colour": "^1.0.0",
         "detect-libc": "^2.1.2",

package.json

@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
   "scripts": {
-    "dev": "ASTRO_TELEMETRY_DISABLED=1 astro dev --host 0.0.0.0",
-    "build": "ASTRO_TELEMETRY_DISABLED=1 astro check && ASTRO_TELEMETRY_DISABLED=1 astro build",
+    "dev": "npm run images && ASTRO_TELEMETRY_DISABLED=1 astro dev --host 0.0.0.0",
+    "build": "npm run images && ASTRO_TELEMETRY_DISABLED=1 astro check && ASTRO_TELEMETRY_DISABLED=1 astro build",
     "preview": "ASTRO_TELEMETRY_DISABLED=1 astro preview --host 0.0.0.0",
+    "images": "node scripts/optimize-images.mjs",
     "typecheck": "ASTRO_TELEMETRY_DISABLED=1 astro check",
     "lint": "ASTRO_TELEMETRY_DISABLED=1 astro check",
     "seo:lint": "node scripts/seo-lint.mjs",
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@
     "@astrojs/check": "^0.9.4",
     "@playwright/test": "^1.60.0",
     "prettier": "^3.5.3",
+    "sharp": "0.34.5",
     "typescript": "^5.8.3"
   }
 }

public/llms.txt

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Public sections:
 - /focus-areas/: Core focus areas.
 - /about-us/: Firm vision, mission, values, and approach.
 - /contact/: Contact form, phone, and email.
-- /insights/: Prepared future publishing section.
+- /insights/: Articles and analysis (coming soon).
 
 This file is supplemental. The complete public content is available in crawlable HTML pages with
 metadata and structured data.

scripts/optimize-images.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Pre-generates responsive AVIF + WebP variants of the site's raster images, plus a manifest the
+// components read (src/utils/images.ts, the rehype plugin in astro.config.mjs).
+//
+// Why not astro:assets: every image here is referenced by a /public path string — from pages,
+// content-collection frontmatter, and Markdown bodies — and og:image needs those stable JPEG URLs.
+// This keeps the originals untouched (fallback + social cards) and adds the modern formats beside them.
+//
+// Output (generated, gitignored): public/assets/opt/*.{avif,webp} and src/data/image-manifest.json.
+// File names carry a content hash, so nginx's 1-year immutable cache on /assets can never serve a
+// stale variant after a source image changes. Existing outputs are reused, so reruns are fast.
+import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
+import { mkdir, readFile, readdir, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
+import { existsSync } from "node:fs";
+import path from "node:path";
+import sharp from "sharp";
+
+const root = path.resolve(path.dirname(new URL(import.meta.url).pathname), "..");
+const publicDir = path.join(root, "public");
+const outDir = path.join(publicDir, "assets", "opt");
+const manifestPath = path.join(root, "src", "data", "image-manifest.json");
+
+// Sources: every photo in live-site/ (not icons/ — tiny PNGs, nothing to gain) and the logo.
+const sources = [
+  ...(await readdir(path.join(publicDir, "assets", "live-site")))
+    .filter((f) => /\.(jpe?g|png)$/i.test(f))
+    .map((f) => `/assets/live-site/${f}`),
+  "/assets/bluecap-logo.png",
+];
+
+// Candidate widths; any at or above the original's width are replaced by the original width.
+const widths = [480, 800, 1200, 1600];
+// The logo only ever renders at <=190px wide, so one 2x-retina size is enough. Keyed by file name:
+// live-site/ also holds a copy of it.
+const widthOverrides = { "bluecap-logo.png": [480] };
+// Tuned 2026-10-23 on the busiest photo (img_0062): AVIF q42 is visually indistinguishable from
+// a q90 JPEG at 800px and ~half the bytes of WebP; effort 2 encodes ~2x faster than 4 for ~3%
+// more bytes, which keeps CI builds quick.
+const formats = {
+  avif: { quality: 42, effort: 2 },
+  webp: { quality: 65 },
+};
+
+await mkdir(outDir, { recursive: true });
+const manifest = {};
+
+for (const src of sources) {
+  const input = await readFile(path.join(publicDir, src));
+  const { width, height } = await sharp(input).metadata();
+  const hash = createHash("sha256").update(input).digest("hex").slice(0, 8);
+  const base = path.basename(src).replace(/\.[^.]+$/, "");
+  const sizes = widthOverrides[path.basename(src)] ?? [...new Set([...widths.filter((w) => w < width), width])];
+
+  const entry = { width, height, avif: [], webp: [] };
+  for (const w of sizes) {
+    for (const [format, options] of Object.entries(formats)) {
+      const file = `${base}.${hash}-${w}.${format}`;
+      const dest = path.join(outDir, file);
+      if (!existsSync(dest)) {
+        await sharp(input).resize({ width: w }).toFormat(format, options).toFile(dest);
+      }
+      entry[format].push({ src: `/assets/opt/${file}`, width: w });
+    }
+  }
+  manifest[src] = entry;
+}
+
+await writeFile(manifestPath, `${JSON.stringify(manifest, null, 2)}\n`);
+console.log(`optimize-images: ${sources.length} images -> ${path.relative(root, outDir)}`);

src/components/Footer.astro

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 ---
+import Picture from "@components/Picture.astro";
 import { nav, serviceNav, site } from "@data/site";
 ---
 
 <footer class="site-footer">
   <div class="footer-inner">
     <section class="footer-brand" aria-label="BlueCap Strategies summary">
-      <img src="/assets/bluecap-logo.png" alt="BlueCap Strategies" width="190" height="57" />
+      <Picture src="/assets/bluecap-logo.png" alt="BlueCap Strategies" width="190" height="57" sizes="175px" loading="lazy" />
       <p>
         Transforming environmental challenges into investable opportunities through strategy,
         capital, and implementation support for aquatic resources.

src/components/Header.astro

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 ---
+import Picture from "@components/Picture.astro";
 import { nav, serviceNav } from "@data/site";
 ---
 
 <header class="site-header">
   <div class="header-inner">
     <a class="brand" href="/" aria-label="BlueCap Strategies home">
-      <img src="/assets/bluecap-logo.png" alt="BlueCap Strategies" width="220" height="66" />
+      <Picture src="/assets/bluecap-logo.png" alt="BlueCap Strategies" width="220" height="66" sizes="190px" />
     </a>
     <nav class="desktop-nav" aria-label="Primary navigation">
       <a href="/">Home</a>

src/components/PageHero.astro

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 ---
+import Picture from "@components/Picture.astro";
+
 type Props = {
   eyebrow?: string;
   title: string;
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ const hasPhoto = Boolean(image);
 {
   variant === "cover" ? (
     <section class="page-cover">
-      <img
+      <Picture
         class="hero-bg"
         src={image ?? "/assets/live-site/hero-mangrove.jpg"}
         alt=""
@@ -32,6 +34,7 @@ const hasPhoto = Boolean(image);
         width="1140"
         height="713"
         loading="eager"
+        fetchpriority="high"
       />
       <div class="page-cover-inner">
         {eyebrow && <p class="eyebrow light">{eyebrow}</p>}
@@ -64,7 +67,9 @@ const hasPhoto = Boolean(image);
         <h1>{title}</h1>
         {lead && <p>{lead}</p>}
       </div>
-      {hasPhoto && <img src={image} alt={imageAlt} width="1280" height="854" loading="eager" />}
+      {hasPhoto && image && (
+        <Picture src={image} alt={imageAlt} width="1280" height="854" loading="eager" fetchpriority="high" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 560px" />
+      )}
     </section>
   )
 }

src/components/Picture.astro

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+---
+// <img> for a /public image path, upgraded to <picture> with AVIF/WebP srcsets when
+// scripts/optimize-images.mjs has variants for it. The original stays as the <img> fallback.
+// `sizes` should describe the rendered width so phones fetch a phone-sized file.
+import type { HTMLAttributes } from "astro/types";
+import { imageVariants } from "@utils/images.mjs";
+
+type Props = Omit<HTMLAttributes<"img">, "src" | "srcset" | "sizes"> & {
+  src: string;
+  sizes?: string;
+};
+
+const { src, sizes = "100vw", width, height, ...attrs } = Astro.props;
+const variants = imageVariants(src);
+---
+
+{
+  variants ? (
+    <picture>
+      <source type="image/avif" srcset={variants.avif} sizes={sizes} />
+      <source type="image/webp" srcset={variants.webp} sizes={sizes} />
+      <img src={src} width={width ?? variants.width} height={height ?? variants.height} decoding="async" {...attrs} />
+    </picture>
+  ) : (
+    <img src={src} width={width} height={height} {...attrs} />
+  )
+}

src/pages/index.astro

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 import { getCollection } from "astro:content";
 import BaseLayout from "@layouts/BaseLayout.astro";
 import ContactCta from "@components/ContactCta.astro";
+import Picture from "@components/Picture.astro";
 import { pageSchema } from "@utils/schema";
 
 const services = (await getCollection("services")).sort((a, b) => a.data.order - b.data.order);
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ const description =
   jsonLd={[pageSchema({ title: "BlueCap Strategies", description, pathname: "/" })]}
 >
   <section class="home-hero">
-    <img
+    <Picture
       class="hero-bg"
       src="/assets/live-site/hero-mangrove.jpg"
       alt=""
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ const description =
       width="1140"
       height="713"
       loading="eager"
+      fetchpriority="high"
     />
     <div class="hero-inner">
       <div class="hero-card">
@@ -138,7 +140,7 @@ const description =
           allows us to adapt and solve the most complex challenges with both insight and decisive
           action.
         </p>
-        <a class="button" href="/about-us/">Learn More</a>
+        <a class="button" href="/about-us/">Learn More<span class="sr-only"> about BlueCap Strategies</span></a>
       </div>
       <div class="stats-grid" aria-label="BlueCap Strategies experience metrics">
         <div class="stat"><strong>27 Years</strong><span>of senior-level experience working with institutional capital providers</span></div>
@@ -172,11 +174,13 @@ const description =
           ))}
         </div>
         <div class="services-media">
-          <img
+          <Picture
             src="/assets/live-site/img_0067.jpg"
             alt="Aquaculture baskets suspended in clear coastal water"
             width="1080"
             height="721"
+            loading="lazy"
+            sizes="(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 590px"
           />
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -202,7 +206,7 @@ const description =
             <article class="focus-card">
               {img && (
                 <a class="focus-media" href={`/${area.slug}/`}>
-                  <img src={img.src} alt={area.data.title} width={img.width} height={img.height} loading="lazy" />
+                  <Picture src={img.src} alt={area.data.title} width={img.width} height={img.height} loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, (max-width: 960px) 50vw, 290px" />
                 </a>
               )}
               <h3><a href={`/${area.slug}/`}>{area.data.title}</a></h3>

src/styles/global.css

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
   --blue: #0074a9; /* exact original azure */
   --box: #f3f5f9; /* light box background (matches original .et_pb_column) */
   --cyan: #3ca2bd;
+  --cyan-deep: #287a90; /* --cyan darkened to 4.9:1 against white text (WCAG AA) */
   --green: #81b29a; /* muted sage — subheads (exact original rgb(129,178,154)) */
   --box-blue: #a9d2eb; /* light-blue metric boxes (exact original rgb(169,210,235)) */
   --ink: #1b2b36;
@@ -42,6 +43,17 @@ img {
   height: auto;
 }
 
+/* <picture> wrappers (components/Picture.astro, Markdown images) must not affect layout: the
+   <img> inside keeps behaving as a direct child (absolute hero backgrounds, sticky media). */
+picture {
+  display: contents;
+}
+
+/* ...which would otherwise promote the <source> tags to grid/flex items (extra gaps). */
+picture > source {
+  display: none;
+}
+
 a {
   color: var(--blue);
 }
@@ -939,7 +951,7 @@ p {
 
 .detail-nav li a[aria-current="page"] {
   background: var(--green);
-  color: #fff;
+  color: var(--navy); /* white on sage is 2.4:1; navy is 5.6:1 (WCAG AA) */
 }
 
 .page-detail {
@@ -1139,7 +1151,7 @@ textarea:focus {
 .footer-cta {
   width: fit-content;
   margin-top: 1rem !important;
-  background: var(--cyan);
+  background: var(--cyan-deep);
 }
 
 .footer-bottom {

src/utils/images.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Responsive-image lookup over the manifest written by scripts/optimize-images.mjs.
+// Plain JS (not TS) because astro.config.mjs loads it too, for the Markdown rehype plugin.
+import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import path from "node:path";
+
+const manifestPath = path.join(process.cwd(), "src", "data", "image-manifest.json");
+
+/** @type {Record<string, { width: number; height: number; avif: { src: string; width: number }[]; webp: { src: string; width: number }[] }> | undefined} */
+let manifest;
+
+function load() {
+  if (!manifest) {
+    try {
+      manifest = JSON.parse(readFileSync(manifestPath, "utf8"));
+    } catch {
+      // No manifest (optimize-images not run): callers fall back to the plain original image.
+      manifest = {};
+    }
+  }
+  return manifest;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Responsive variants for a /public image path, or undefined if it has none.
+ * @param {string} src
+ */
+export function imageVariants(src) {
+  const entry = load()[src];
+  if (!entry) return undefined;
+  /** @param {{ src: string; width: number }[]} list */
+  const srcset = (list) => list.map((v) => `${v.src} ${v.width}w`).join(", ");
+  return { width: entry.width, height: entry.height, avif: srcset(entry.avif), webp: srcset(entry.webp) };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Rehype plugin: wraps Markdown <img> tags that have variants in a <picture> with AVIF/WebP
+ * sources, and adds intrinsic dimensions (no layout shift) plus lazy loading.
+ * @param {{ sizes?: string }} [options]
+ */
+export function rehypeResponsiveImages({ sizes = "(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 50vw" } = {}) {
+  /** @param {any} node */
+  const walk = (node) => {
+    if (!node.children) return;
+    node.children = node.children.map((child) => {
+      walk(child);
+      if (child.type !== "element" || child.tagName !== "img") return child;
+      const variants = imageVariants(String(child.properties?.src ?? ""));
+      if (!variants) return child;
+      const img = {
+        ...child,
+        properties: {
+          ...child.properties,
+          width: variants.width,
+          height: variants.height,
+          loading: "lazy",
+          decoding: "async",
+        },
+      };
+      const source = (/** @type {string} */ type, /** @type {string} */ srcset) => ({
+        type: "element",
+        tagName: "source",
+        properties: { type, srcSet: srcset, sizes },
+        children: [],
+      });
+      return {
+        type: "element",
+        tagName: "picture",
+        properties: {},
+        children: [source("image/avif", variants.avif), source("image/webp", variants.webp), img],
+      };
+    });
+  };
+  return (/** @type {any} */ tree) => walk(tree);
+}